Copyright Primal Pictures Ltd.

Development of a muscle action simulation model with view to visualising detailed and accurate functional anatomy. In this model a muscle is represented by a set of fibers, which run the length of the body of the muscle from origin to insertion. The fibers are equipped with contractile and elastic elements and are used as deformation guides that re-shape the muscle. This enables the timing and the level of contraction specification of a muscle as well as its volume and shape changes. The model can be configured to animate muscles, tendons and ligaments. EMG (electromyography) data have been used to drive the contractile element of the model and Motion Capture for the bone movements. The muscle action model was used in the production of several Primal Pictures educational DVD titles, such as "Interactive Functional Anatomy", "Body in Motion", "Sports Injuries: Foot, Knee, shoulder", etc.

The project was funded internally by Primal Pictures. Implementation was based on Houdini 3D software with VEX, Hscript and OTL scripting.
Vassili acted as chief investigator.

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